Dr. Ted's Home Page Site Additions Invisalign Info Menu Orthodontic Jaw Wiring Arrange a Consultatation Lingual braces
Over-the-Wires ARCHIVES FOR ALL ISSUES OF
Over The Wires:
A POTPOURRI OF ORTHODONTIC REFLECTIONS,
PERSPECTIVES, POINTERS AND OPINIONS
Ted Rothstein, DDS PhD
Brooklyn Heights
"Nobody does it better."
Over
the Wires is sanctioned by the
American Association of
Orthodontists
Winter '11, #31 Dental implants treatment sequence Parts 4, 5 and 6 conclusion of treatment sequence done on Dr. Rothstein Part 4 Part 5 Part 6
Spring '10, #31
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Three part film series (YouTube) showing Dr. Ted having
a tooth removed and a bone graft in preparation for getting an implant
Spring '10, #30
On May 3,
2010 I will present my work on Orthodontic Jaw Wiring to my colleagues at the
meeting of the American Association of
Orthodontists in Washington, DC:
referred to in the PowerPoint presentation:
E-Synopsis
Spring '10, #29
Learn
about TMJ
check out the
simulated real-life films on the normal TMJ and the dysfunctional TMJ and the
simple do's and don'ts
that a person with TMJ should adhere to.
Winter '10, #28 Accelerated orthodontic treatment using "Piezocision".
Winter
'10, #27
Airing on YouTube: Placing an
archwire on SmartClip braces: Just go
"click-click"
Winter '09, #26
Obstructive
Sleep Apnea Surgical Update of the American Association of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS)
Volume 22,issue 1 December
28, 2009 (7 pages PDF)
Summer '09, #25
Dr.
Ted chosen to speak at the 110th meeting of the American Association of
Orthodontists in Washington, DC May 1-4, 2010 on
"Orthodontic Jaw Wiring:
The
Dental Professional’s Role in Weight Control for Compulsive Overeating
Leading to Obesity"
I invited seventy-five Jaw Wiring
for Weight Control patients to take a
seventy-seven question survey including
1-3Demographics
4-20Background
21-30Safety
31-40Effectiveness
41-55Problems
56-73Conclusions
74-77Miscellaneous,
Twenty four patients completed the survey.
SEE THE RESPONSES TO THIS SURVEY
spreadsheet version with comment
and subtexts The two versions above present the results along with the comments and subtext that were requested in some
of the questions,
for example, questions: 11, 18, 28, 30, 35, 37,
40, 55,
57, 58,
70, 71, 74 40, 57, 58, and 74
are particularly revealing.
the two version above are more pleasant
to look at.
See two 10-minute videos at
http://www.youtube.com/user/drteddrted on the Development and Application of
Orthodontic Jaw wiring (OJW) for
compulsive overeating: Part I:
Ray McDowell, showing the use of
SmartClip braces to limit jaw opening to preselected maximum distance apart,
and Part II: Erica Smith,
using the standard brackets for OJW, but wiring using the "through-the-bracket"
method to achieve a
limited jaw opening in the patient's unique comfort zone.
Topic: What you can expect when you go to Small Claims Court.
Small Claims Court is the people's court. It is
fondly known to the judges and volunteer lawyers who staff it as "Liars Court".
Here is a court
where the little guy can make his last stand to address that grievance
that is vexing him/her. You can make a claim or have a claim brought
against you for up to $5000. In well more than half the case the plaintiff
wins and the judge awards the plaintiff a judgment who is now burdened with
having to collect his bounty. But
hold on.
"There's many a slip twixt cup and lip" is a Greek proverb that warns you that
life is filled
with surprises. Over the years Chapter 5 of my book on Small Claims Court
remains one of the most valuable. It is called :12+1
Scenarios.
This chapter takes away the surprises that you may encounter when navigating
your way through this court from filing your Initial Claim
to obtaining the judgment and collecting the money you believe is your just due.
[Read 12+1 Scenarios.]
Topic: Taking the fear out of four first premolar extractions.
Orthodontists are often confronted with patients whose teeth are so crowded or
protrude so far in front of their lips they cannot
comfortably close them together. About 5% of an orthodontist's patients present
this problem. The diagnosis in orthodontic parlance is
termed "bi-maxillary protrusion." The treatment plan calls for fixed
braces accompanied by the removal of four teeth, most often the
removal of the upper and lower, right and left first premolars. KD came to
my office with this problem. I prescribed the removal of
his first premolars teeth. This experience can be very frightening.
Herein KD presents his
experience. We orthodontists
are way too cavalier
about our patient's apprehensions and forebodings apropos of this procedure.
Just imagine substituting of the word "amputation" for "removal"
or "extraction". So
direct your patient's feet to the
sunny-side of the street as KD
describes it.
Topic: The OJW Questionnaire survey developed to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of OJW provided to carefully selected patients.
Topic:
Submitted
to the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics on
October 28, 2007:
Orthodontic Jaw Wiring
(OJW): The
Dental Professional’s Role in Weight Control for Compulsive Overeating
Leading to Obesity. October 28, 2007. Abstract <200 wordsIntroduction:
Obesity is legion and epidemic in our country, and recognized as a
precursor to a host of serious illnesses. Indeed, Medicaid and Medicare
have classified obesity per se as a disease. These agencies are seeking
new and less expensive approaches to the costly surgeries extant.
Method: Orthodontic Jaw Wiring for weight loss is my approach to a
serious social, psychological and physiological problem that can help
some people who are obese or on a path to obesity and its potentially
grave consequences. OJW can help alleviate this epidemic in those cases
where it may be applicable to carefully selected individuals whose Body
Mass Index (BMI)* indicates they are overweight or obese as diagnosed by
their physician. Results: Providing OJW to 85 persons since 1989
has demonstrated that it is safe and effective using the protocols
developed over time, available to my colleagues gratis at drted.com.
Conclusions: Given that we are the caretakers of the mouth and
uniquely empowered with skills and mechano-therapy to provide services
to the overweight, it is our obligation and responsibility as part of a
health-care team to provide our expertise to the overweight
heading towards obesity, and those who have already reached that state.
* To calculate your body mass index BMI, follow these four steps:
Measure your height in inches (without shoes) and your weight in pounds
(without clothing). Multiply your weight by 703. 2 Divide that number
by your height. Divide again by your height.
These categories were established after several studies examined the
BMIs of millions of people and correlated them with rates of illness and
death. The studies showed that the BMI range associated with the lowest
rate of illness and death is approximately 19–25 in men and 18–25 in
women, so people with BMIs in this healthiest range are considered to be
of normal weight. Higher BMIs are associated with progressively higher
rates of illness and death. People with BMIs of 25–30 are considered
overweight, and those with BMIs of 30 or higher are considered obese.
Obesity has recently been further subdivided into mild (BMI of 30–35),
moderate (35–40) and severe (BMI of 40 and above). Severe obesity is
roughly equivalent to being 80 pounds overweight if you are a woman or
100 pounds if you are a man. Or go to
http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi
Topic: Orthodontic Jaw Wiring (OJW) :The Protocol for Providing OJW to Your Patients: A New Service in Dentistry
Topic: How to make indirect bonding trays: detailed instructions
Summer
'07, #15
Topic:
Communicating with your colleagues, your referring dentists and the
patients in your practice by email en masse.
You
have just installed that new digital pan-ceph, or mirabile dictu, a
wonderful 3-D cone beam technology or completed a course on microimplants
and now you want to crow. So how do you do that? It would be ideal to send
each person an individual handwritten letter (using pen and ink), but you really don't even have the time
to inhale. Here is the solution that works for me. Since January of 2002 I
have assiduously asked for the email address of every doctor or patient I have
made a contact with. I strongly advise you to begin keeping such a database if
you haven't had the sense to do it as yet. Now
you need your website (which is an powerful instrument of communication) to act
as the postman. I use
ixwebhosting.com ($10 /Mo) on the recommendation of Chris Boyd
the I-T guy who services the soft and hardware needs of many of the friends and
professionals that I know. (Chris Boyd, 917 204 7993,
cboyd@speakeasy.net ) Using the "Webmail"
feature
of the of the host site I was enabled to send of an important email to many
parties as individuals i.e., one email for each recipient you want to
communicate with. You must of course first have created your mailing database.
My groupings include: Staff, Referring doctors, Orthodontist, Family and
friends, Psychiatrist/other docs, Miscellaneous. In the mailing I just did, I
wanted the doctors who refer patients to me to know about the introduction in to
my practice of 3M-Unitek's SmartClip Straight wire system. So I selected the
"Referring doctors" list and imported my
SmartClip Straight Wire letter , hit the "Send" button and fait
accompli ! Of course you can test the mailing by sending it to
yourself to see if you have edited out the errors and it is satisfactory in all
ways. Alas, as part of the learning curve I forgot one important aspect of
the "test mail" feature and accidentally sent four test mailings to my colleagues... all 128 of
them. Arrghh. Ps. Your email automatically will include an "Unsubscribe"
button. And let it come as no surprise that some recipients will not wait one
nanosecond
before "UNSUBSCRIBING" or even worse, blocking any further emails from your address
forever. GET OVER IT ! I suggest you limit your infobyte emails to about one
every three months. For me, I have many a mile to go and in my next mailing I
will send the patient version (work in progress) of
"Over the Wires" before
the summer has flown away. Best regards to all, Ted Rothstein
drted.com 718 852 1551.
Fall '02, # 1
Caleb, Joshua and Grampa Ted
Dr. Ted's Home Page Site Additions Invisalign Info Menu Orthodontic Jaw Wiring Arrange a Consultatation Lingual braces
Topic:
Practice Management
Make
three
copies of your data and financial backups--(if you are networked, these are
backups aside from the data that you are backing up to your server
automatically). These should be stored in three different places: (a
fireproof safe in the office, your home, staff member's home, etc). Many of you
know this already, but who has the time...right? You can learn this lesson the
way I did and once you pick yourself up off your knees and dry your eyes
you will find the time to follow this advice!
Topic:
Prevention of accidental removal of the wrong teeth
In spite of the prescription I use* when making referrals to the General
dentist/Oral Surgeon for the removal ("amputation") of teeth to facilitate
orthodontic treatment, I have had three instances in the course of more than 28
years of practice where the wrong teeth were removed. In all three the
prescription was written correctly, and in all three the blame for wrongful
extractions was clearly attributed either to the dentist or the oral surgeon who
removed them. In all cases the
FUBAR
principle prevailed. In all three cases the patients were adults. In one of
those cases the patient was the dental assistant of the referring dentist who
removed them. In two of the three cases first premolars were removed instead of
second premolars. In these cases the patients' treatment was continued to
completion. The third patient decided to complete treatment with another
orthodontist. When you discover that the wrong teeth have been removed. it is
prudent that you reveal the error immediately. You can see that on the
prescription form I use* the teeth to be removed are described in four different
ways: 1. Xing out the teeth 2. Encircling the number (Universal system) 3.
Encircling the descriptive words and 4. In Palmer notation with the Universal
notation given once more. In addition, I show the patient/mother/father the
teeth to be removed. You will note that there is an instruction to the oral
surgeon not to remove the teeth unless all descriptions agree with each other.
Finally, note that after ninety days the prescription is void. At the moment you
sit down to write that prescription make sure you have either the patient's
models and, or the patient in front of you without any distractions that might
cause your attention to wander. If it does happen, this prescription form will
minimize the error of wrongful extractions attributable to you.
* Prescription form to General dentist/Oral Surgen.pdf
Archives for Over the Wires
Topic:
The Staff Meeting: Part 1 of 4
Staff meetings are essential to a good practice. The dates of all the staff
meetings should be printed and distributed to the staff at the start of of every
quarter. One of the office team should act as secretary and take notes as the
meeting proceeds. The notes can be archived for future reference. We follow the
agenda shown on the form below to take notes*. As you can see it follows the
categories that are examined at each meeting. We hold our staff meetings once
every two weeks and they last for about one hour. the next four Over The
Wires will be dedicated to describing the agenda and purposes to which we
put our staff meeting so that both staff and doctor feel gratified as a result
of the meeting.
We use an agenda whose categories are "fixed" yet comprehensive and essential
to the administration and health of the practice. We begin our meetings with
categories that we feel are unique and beneficial:
"Good and Welfare":
At every meeting every staff member, including the doctor, must present some new
idea
that would/could/might be implemented for the "good and welfare" of the
office. This is a great way to make every team member feel important. These
suggestions should include for example: 1. Ways to make the office "look" and
"work" better especially in the reception room and treatment room, 2. Ideas
that will make the patients feel more comfortable and happy and welcome, 3.
Ideas that promote mutual cooperation between the team members.
The doctor should be willing "try out ideas" that "push the envelope" for a
three month period rather than casually dismissing a team member's idea. The
team members often see their part of the picture way more clearly then the
doctor. Just always be open to new ideas from your team members.
Interpersonal:
Create an open forum between the team members. Try not to forget that although
you are "boss" you are a member of your own team. Encourage the staff to use the
"interpersonal" forum time to voice any issues they may be having with you or
each other. Think of this time as a spigot to allow the release of pent up
negative vibrations that may have accumulated between team members. Each member
of the team should alot this time to airing personal grievances or ideed even
saying something nice about a fellow teamie. Consequently, team members will
feel they have cleared the air as opposed to harboring petty grievances that
create negative underlying feelings. We sometimes use this opportunity to let
a fellow team member know how much we appreciate them! Ps. Doc encourage your
team to tell you in what ways your behavior caused them agita.
* http://www.drted.com/archives/Agenda for the team meeting.html
Topic:
A KISS orthodontic appliance
"Keep It Simple Stupid"
is a dictum we should keep in mind whenever we choose a particular appliance to
facilitate our treatment objectives. Here is one I conjured up to correct
mild-moderately spaced/flared upper or lower anterior teeth. It filled all the
needs that the patient requested: "comfortable, invisible and removable." It
worked like a charm. The cost is $2.00. It is fabricated of .40mm, 4"x4"
sheet-plastic obtained from "Trutain" in packages of 50. I bought Trutain's
thermoforming vacuum machine for $250 many years ago. The machine paid for
itself within 10 days . The plastic is vacuum-formed over the mold and
completely cut away from canine to canine. Clear-plastic button-hooks from TP
orthodontics are bonded on to the buccal of the
KISS
at the first or second premolars. The patient is shown how to apply powerchain
from button to button (elastics if you desire). The patient changes the
powerchain every two weeks. As the anterior teeth retract, the plastic is cut
back 1mm at a time. Buttons can be added on to the laterals and powerchain
applied between them for additional traction to close anterior spaces and/or
prevent the chain from moving incisally or gingivally on the surface of the
anterior teeth. By adding button-hooks on to the molars, posterior spaces can
be closed unilaterally or bilaterally at the same time that the molars are being
moves anteriorly. This is a versatile appliance.
KISS
Winter '03 #4
Topic:
The staff meeting and practice management: Part 3 of 4
I have a list of office "PASSIONS"*. They are by definition the
guidelines/beliefs that we are certain are profoundly important in the delivery
of a standard of patient-care that is without equal. Our passions were created
over a long period of time and culled from our own experiences, the teachings of
many practice management articles and lectures on the subject. We add to them
from time to time. All the team members know how essential they are, however, we
think that they are important enough to read aloud at the start of each
staff meeting. Our passions are posted where every team member can see
them. You can read them by clicking on the hyperlink below.
We invite you to share YOUR PASSIONS with us once you've created them, or simply
use ours as the starter kit for your own concept for delivering the very best
orthodontic care.
* http://www.drted.com/Passions.html
Topic:
Lingual braces made simpler
The delivery of orthodontic treatment with lingual braces is in some ways more
difficult than with labial braces. Chair time and treatment time are decidedly
longer. This appliance is excellent for deep vertical overbites and
mild-moderate crowding where no extractions are required. Premolar extraction
cases can be very difficult. The good news is that the laboratory (Specialty
Appliances) can now provide you with a direct bonding setup (about $450) as well
as a series of performed archwires (about $65/arch). If you want to distinguish
yourself from among other orthodontists you would be wise to become familiar
with this technique. The American Lingual Orthodontic Association (ALOA) can
provide you with the some good information regarding training courses. The
basic arch wire is shaped like a mushroom and not terribly difficult to learn
how to fabricate intra-orally. However, I personally do not have the skills to
bend the retraction arch at the chairside needed in the premolar extraction
case. Below I have documented how I go about doing it at my lab bench.
http://www.drted.com/index.html/Lingual braces arch form.HTML
Topic:
Removing acid etch, a better method...not rocket science
One cotton roll and 10 seconds is all you need. Orthodontists are sometimes
fanatic in organizing their work table and their methods for delivering
patient-care "efficiently." Is your patience taxed as your patient dawdles
endlessly while rinsing the acid etch off his/her teeth (average time 60
seconds)? I offer you the cure for this annoyance when you need to remove the
etch from as many as 3 teeth (not recommended when many teeth are being etched
such as for whole-arch bonding):
The photo below shows two containers of water (more than enough for a whole day)
standing between the catalyst and the acid-etch. Rather than allow the patient
to rinse off the acid-etch at the fountain, or use a three-way syringe to
accomplish rinsing and drying after etching, I wet a cotton roll on both ends
and dab off the acid-etch with one end of the roll then complete the removal
with the other end ... then I squeeze all moisture from the cotton roll and dab
off all remaining moisture from the surface of the tooth. Final drying is done
with a warm air blower (Nola). The water on the cotton roll is sufficient to
dilute the acid and absorbs it all with no bad taste for the patient. No acid
residue will remains to interfere with the adhesive properties of the bonding
material if you are thorough.

Topic: Case acceptance: You won't get them all but do you know why?
In the best of all possible worlds at the first visit you do your consultation
exam, present your diagnosis, treatment plan and fee; take records, put on the
braces and get paid in full: NOT! I have learned not to take it personally
when being told (at the time of our follow-up calls to those in our "pending"
files) "Oh, I chose to have my treatment at another office." You can still
benefit from this disappointing turn of events. In keeping with our mission
statement: "Our priority is caring for you and our mission is quality care,"
we have recently begun sending out follow up questionnaires to those
patients who have decided to have their treatment elsewhere or even not have any
treatment at all. We send this questionnaire with a SASE and a
new $5 bill
as a gift for taking the time to provide us with this priceless feedback.
See/read our questionnaire by clicking on the following link:
follow up questionnaire. Please email us with any feedback you might
have regarding the way your practice handles this situation. How do you follow
up or do you?
Topic: Patient's Financial Memo form and Notice of Informed Consent-- The two most important forms in your office.
Whether
you open your own office, or you are employed by another orthodontist, these
forms are essential elements of a vital professional practice. We decided to
meld them into a two-sided document for efficiency. This
Fin-Mem/Inf-Con
memo is reviewed and updated annually for accuracy, content and specific office
needs. Along with the Summary of Consultation-Examination
these three documents provide the information that empowers your patients to
help finish the treatment that they have contracted for as well as to help form
a mutually cooperative and happy patient-doctor relationship. I just finished
updating these forms:
See
SumCon
2007-2008 and
Fin-Mem
"Moments, Forces, Moments of Forces, Moments of Couples and
Equilibrium" are terms for the underlying physical principles that govern the
movement of teeth. They barely enter our thoughts because most of what we do
is fairly predictable. However, when all is not going as you expected it is
more important to realize how these principles may have contributed to the
resulting inadvertent positions of teeth that we caused to happen. So how
then do these terms relate to orthodontics, and how do we make teeth straight
(or inadvertently crooked)? Well each tooth that you reposition
moves according to the strict rules of "Newtonian" physics (Isaac
Newton 1642-1777). Today's "preprogrammed" orthodontic appliances
represent a change in our profession akin to the revolution that took place in
the automobile industry when "standard" transmission was replaced by
"automatic" transmission as the industry standard for pleasure
vehicles. "Automatic" tends to make you forget the underlying principles of
how a car is made to move, likewise for orthodontic appliances, and the teeth
they move. The diagrams shown will provide you with an appreciation of the
forces, couples and moments you inevitably create by the arch wires inserted
in those preprogrammed appliances. Here are the physical principles that
govern how/why teeth move.
http://www.drted.com/index.html.bak2/OTW physics.htm
Topic:
Practice Management: Save time and money on the web.
I recently discovered one more reason to be grateful for the Internet.
Click on the following link and you will find Verizon's online search feature
http://www22.verizon.com/. I use this site no less than 5 times daily. I
have not paid a directory assistance charge (411 information calls costs 80
cents each. ) since this website appeared. Verizon allows you to search for
either a business or a residence. The search will return both an address and a
contact number. It has been the most helpful in locating other professionals,
but I have also been able to track down patients who have moved and had
forgotten to update their contact information with us...Other sites that I use
on a daily basis are:
New York City Straphangers website: Here you can locate the fastest route via NYC subway/bus from your location to your destination. This is helpful if a patient asks the most direct route from their subway or bus line to your office. http://www.cmap.nypirg.org/NETMAPS/straps/Straphangers.asp?name=Straps&Left=534460.463321644&Bottom=605661.094785572&Right=739475.361307834
You will always need to have postage. At the United States Postal Service website you can buy your postage online. You can also arrange to send registered, return- receipt, certified or next-day-air mail right from your desk. No more sending staff members to the post office for those important mailings. I stopped using metered postage in our office two years ago. It saved us the monthly leasing fee of a postage meter (depending on the model you are using this can save you up to $250. monthly). http://www.usps.com/.
I would love to hear about the sites you use. Please submit them by email to drted35@aol.com . I will post them in the next issue of "Over the Wires."
Have a wonderful holiday season.
Topic: Diagnosis: Interpreting the Panoramic X-ray
Over the Wires is now sanctioned by the American Association of Orthodontists
Topic:
A potpourri of reflections for the starting orthodontist...a series in four
parts: Part I:
Some of us need to hold our hands in fire to learn that it
burns. Others need only be counseled about it's harmful effects. This article
is addressed to those who wish to avoid being burned. Seasoned orthodontists
will immediately comprehend the benefits of the insights that are herein
presented.
Key:
Se: Self... St: Staff...GO: General Office... Ex:
Exam... Rec: Records... Dx: Diagnosis...Tx: Treatment...
Re: Retention... PP: Practice Promotion... PM: Practice
management.
BLUE
= ALWAYS...RED
= NEVER
Se:
Never express anger toward a patient. If you do get angry you have lost control
of yourself and the situation. When this happens I advise that you lose your ego
and call the patient at home in the evening to apologize and try to make amends.
Se: Never use medical/dental terms to explain what you are doing or
intend to do for the patient. Speak plainly, simply and clearly and avoid like
the plague saying "Do you know what I mean"? Repeat yourself using other words
if you suspect the patient does not understand you.
S:
Praise your staff in public.
St:
Criticize your staff in private. If you lost it and criticized one of your staff
in public be big enough to apologize to them without any delay. They never
forget.
GO:
Have a major newspaper delivered to your office.
GO:
Have a television set, or even better, cable TV for your patients.
Ex:
Have handy a stethoscope to listen to any sounds the patient's TMJ might be
emitting. Better you and they should know about them from the commencement of
treatment rather than have your patient bring them to your attention in the
middle, or at the end of treatment. Note on the patient's chart if they are loud
or soft, bilateral or unilateral and whether they are occurring at the early
middle or late point when the patient opens their mouth. Finally, advise them
that the "sounds" they hear will likely be present at the end of treatment. Let
them hear the sounds for themselves.
Rec:
Introduce the little ones, and the adults who seem nervous, to the procedures
you will be doing when they return for their next records visit. Show them the
equipment...be brief. Give the little ones a styrofoam tray to play-fit in their
mouth.
Dx: If
you are certain the adult who accompanies the patient is the genetic parent make
certain you "examine" them. You may obtain some insight regarding what you can
expect from their growing child.
Ret:
Offer your patients an "insurance" plan for lost retainers. (Contact my office
if you would like to know about the plan I offer at a fee of $195). This one
measure has given me more reward/pleasure than I can express here. This measure
is without a doubt a win-win proposition.
GO: Never fail to document on the patient's treatment chart their
canceled (CA) and/or broken (BA) appointments.
PM: Never be reluctant to use your local small claims
court to collect fees owed to you for work well done.
See Dr. Ted's preparation list for a SCC encounter.
Looking forward to seeing you all again at the AAO NYU alumni meeting in
Orlando.
Topic:
Practice Management: Email: Enhancing communication with patients and staff.
My advice to you in this issue of OTW comes from my experience using email to
communicate with our patients, and staff in the office and at home over the last
five years. Communicating with patients by "electronic mail" evolved as a result
of the launch of our web site
http://www.drted.com in 1998. We now encourage
all patients to communicate by email, and over the last two years email has
played a major role in how I provide "Quality
Care" to our patients.
Patients can now request appointments, inform us of broken wires, and detached
brackets, or ask an insurance question and have it answered whether or not we
are having patient-care hours. Indeed, every new staff member must have a
computer at home and when Dr. Ted needs to notify the entire staff he will do a
group "staff" email. Likewise, I will notify other staff members of numerous
kinds of information and events that enable them to help us SERVE OUR PATIENTS
WITH THE BEST CARE POSSIBLE.
I have spoken to other offices who frown upon the use of email because they
feel it seems too impersonal. However, we feel that email has allowed us to
address our patient's issues accurately and in a timely manner. Consequently,
if a patient calls to ask about their insurance benefits at a very busy time of
day, and I don't know the answer, or I might have to review some data in the
patient's folder, being able to email my response allows me to do all of the
above and compose my answer with more accuracy and efficiency. Given that
our office is fully networked including patient charting, email was a simple
avenue of communication to implement. Email will also save you from the long
distance charges you would incur if you had to call Johnny and his parents at
their summer home to assist them with unexpected problems like poking wires or
detached brackets.
One welcome side effect has been the enhanced communication I have with my staff
on a daily basis, and it has certainly changed the way I communicate with Dr.
Ted even though we use offices that adjoin.
For those of you who maybe slow to respond I must warn you that your patients,
staff and doctor will expect a faster response. We have often been complimented
on the speed of our responses. Once you set the new standard you must keep it at
that level. You must remain attentive to your daily incoming email. If you
require 24-hours-notice-of-cancellation of appointments and one of your patient
cancels on Sunday, by email, for his/her "Monday-morning by-special-arrangement"
7:30 am-appointment, you will not be justified in charging a late cancellation
fee if you have not clearly laid down the ground rules for handling a situation
like this. This has happened. All patients are given Dr. Ted's home number once
they get their braces on; we now encourage them to use it for late cancellations
as well.
Overall, email has only made it easier for me to get more work done in one day
and has decreased the number of times our front desk phone rings (for which my
team is very appreciative). This very issue of OTW traveled back and forth
between Doc and myself for editing not less than nine times. In brief, snail
mail is virtually defunct...long live email!
A word of caution: be sure to keep copies of the more important email
communications in your patient's folders i.e., promises to pay, late
cancellations or issues concerning treatment plan decisions.
Ps. Dr. Ted uses email to communicate his diagnosis and treatment plans to
referring doctors and patients as well with Cc.'s to me for filing in the
patient's folders. I look forward to meeting you all again at the AAO
meeting in Orlando.
Spring '04, # 10 Over
the Wires is sanctioned by the American Association of Orthodontists
Topic:
A potpourri of reflections for the starting orthodontist...a series in 4 parts:
Part 2:
This article is addressed to those young orthodontists who can learn from the
mistakes of others who have been at it for some time. For Part 1 see Winter '04,
# 9
Key:
Se: Self... St: Staff...GO: General Office... Ex:
Exam... Rec: Records... Dx: Diagnosis...Tx: Treatment...
Re: Retention... PP: Practice Promotion... PM: Practice
management.
Ex: Annotate on the patient's exam chart the shape and color of all the
enamel hyper and hypocalcifications and any other abnormalities of form or
coloration including bondings and laminates on the six upper and lower front
teeth. If you are going to place brackets over any discolorations do show them
to the patient. Photographs of the anterior teeth also are useful documentation
but not entirely adequate.
Ex: TMJ sounds/irregularities are best revealed/discovered at the
initial exam and brought to the patient's attention and documented. If they
are deemed innocent, one would be thorough to advise the patient of the sounds
and tell the patient that the sound will probably still be present at the
completion of his/her orthodontic treatment.
Ex: When you complete your Consultation-Examination how can your would-be
new patients remember you and be encouraged to think that you and your office
are special? I give my patients a Summary of their experience in my office. I
tell them with a smile that my "SumCon" is not only interesting and informative
but :-) suitable for framing :-). See Dr. Ted's SumCon:
http://www.drted.com/SumCon 2007 to 2008.pdf
Tx: Patients are quite clever when it comes to handling their orthodontic
emergencies. However, when they have exhausted their resources they need us and
they call us for help. I urge all my patients to buy a wire cutter and encourage
them as a last resort to cut off the offending wire if possible. This approach
has spared me many a special emergency visit to the office.
Tx: When you
intend to do "extensive" interproximal sanding, advise your patient to take one
or two Advil/Motrin (any mild pain reliever) and hour before the appointment.
Apply a topical anesthetic to the interproximal gingiva (Hurricane). Have an
assistant chairside to help with cheek retraction especially when doing IPS on
the posterior teeth.
Tx: When you are presenting your treatment plan to
the patient you will at times have more than one plan in mind, for example,
extraction vs non extraction? Each might be equally attractive to you. If you
present too much information patients are often overwhelmed and become confused
AND ANXIOUS and might draw the conclusion that you are unsure of what you are
doing. If you have equally weighted choices or two treatment choices, present
both as simply as possible and state the specific one you think offers the best
solution to address the patients chief complaint, and then provide the reasons
(never more than three) why you lean toward your preference. Use expressions
like "If you were my sister (brother, mother, father) I would prefer that you
choose..." (your preferred plan)...and state that plan again.)
PM: The typical payment plan is 30-40% initial payment and the balance in
equal monthly payments over 15-24 months. In my office 18 months is the maximum.
Be prepared at the get-go to offer your would-be new patients a variety and
range of payment plans including a tempting discount for full-fee paid in
advance by credit card, cash. At the other end of the spectrum, when
appropriate, be prepared to offer a
payment plan where the initial payment is relatively low such as or even
Citihealth card
(Learn
more).
The initial payment is most often the reason stated for not initiating
treatment. Just be flexible.
PM: Shake hands with parent/parents in a manner suitable to the age and
sex of the person. A limp-fish handshake to a strapping guy leaves a
questionable uneasiness in the mind of some. As a corollary, beware of the
unexpectedly steely grip offered by the person who has little respect for the
value you place on your hands.
PM: Develop and check the x-rays you take for "diagnostic quality" before
the patient leaves the office.
PM: After taking an impression for a lab appliance that you expect to
provide at the next visit, remind the patient to call to verify that the
appliance has arrived in the office before coming for their appointment. The
preceeding is your backup approach in the event your office fails to let them
know their lab work has arrived.
PM: Come out and visit your patents in the reception/welcome room from
time to time. You will often see a younger woman and an older woman sitting
together. Never ask if one is the mother or grandmother of the other...better
when in doubt, even in obvious humor, ask if they are sisters. It never fails to
evoke smiles from both.
PM: Before you remove fixed appliances be certain your patient knows
about any compromises you did not plan for at the start. Remind them that their
own general dentist, or one that you can recommend, is there to finish putting
the finishing touches to residual "problems". You're not God and patients are
forgiving. Just do your best.
PM: Patients need to have a "standard way" of letting you know that they
need you to stop whatever you are doing because they are in discomfort. I have
my patients let me know by raising one finger.
PM: Make the removing of braces a very special/memorable event. I used to
play the Triumphal March from Aida as I removed the braces. Nowadays, I gather
the staff and make a "surprise" party that lasts about three-five minutes, with
poppers, spray string and noise makers. Leave 'em "smiling" and they will never
forget you.
Re: Tooth size-Jaw size discrepancies, in particular small teeth and
large jaws, are the cause of spaces between the upper central incisor as large
as 7-8mm. Sometimes that space is exacerbated by fleshy knots in the lower lip
so palpate the lip to know if that is the case and then consider some kind of
fixed or semi-fixed retention to keep the space permanently closed. Reopening
the space between 8 and 9 is very common.
Know thy enemy!
Special Note 1: When one of our own appears in print we are very proud
of them. Accordingly, I would like to bring your attention to Dr. Elliot
Moskowitz NYU PG Ortho '75 who is now a contributing editor to the Journal of
Clinical Orthodontics. In the February and March, 2004 editions of JCO you will
l find the articles in which Elliot's thoughts on "Early Orthodontic Treatment"
are included. Congratulations, Elliot, we are proud of you :-). You can read
the articles at the following hyperlinks: Hyperlinks to the JCO articles:
http://drted.com/index.html.bak2/JCOFeb04Roundtable.pdf
Nevertheless, I personally recommend if your not already a subscriber that you
become one. To do this got to the Marketplace section of the JCO site and
choose "subscribe".
Special Note 2: The AAO meeting in Orlando is barely a few heartbeats
away. The NYU alumni meeting is being held at the Hardrock Hotel Universal
Orlando, 5800 Universal Blvd. on Saturday, 5:30-7:30pm. Get to know your alumni
you may one day be an associate to one of them. See you there.
Special Note 3: We wish Dr. Richard Kliefield, who heads the PG ortho
clinic facility at St. Barnabas, our best wishes for a successful outcome
on April 27-28 when the ADA site accreditation team comes to inspect
the facility at Union Hospital in the Bronx. Alas, we will not know the outcome
until June-July This facility is beautiful and Dr. Kliefield has done an
astounding job in preparing the awesome documentation for this visit. Special
congratulations/greetings to the very first group of residents who will receive
their certificates this June. Chapeau Dick.
Topic:
Practice Management: Automatic deductions from checking and credit cards to
cut accounts receivables
The first challenge I faced as an office manager was decreasing a huge accounts
receivables left over from Dr. Ted's previous manager. It was a formidable and
frightening challenge to my more youthful then self. Six years later
auto-deductions from the patient's checking and credit cards
have been very effective in helping control accounts from ever becoming
delinquent.
In our office, would-be new patients are made aware during their consultation
call that personal checks are not accepted (unless by special arrangement). We
do however accept ATM, debit/check, and all credit cards. This eliminates the
"surprise factor" regarding our offices payment policies and prepares them for
how they will handle paying for their treatment.
Automatic credit card charges require you having on file:
A.
an imprint of their credit card and
B. signature,
authorizing that a charge be made.
For checking account deductions I use a very simple form,
http://www.drted.com/Authorization to deduct.htm
listing the monthly charge amount and total contract fee.
This form requires an original signature
(fax/copy not acceptable).
Topic: Continuing education: An article by Dr. Michael Florman, NYU Post Graduate ortho 2004; A new appliance to help the overweight; Etiology of Class II is not mandibular retrusion, it is maxillary protrusion.
1. Orthodontists refer many patients to oral surgeons for the removal of wisdom teeth. Consequently, it behooves them to be knowledgeable about Etiology, Prevention and Management of Post Extraction Complications (Click on the title). The article was written by Dr. Michael Florman, who was certified in 2004 as a specialist in orthodontics. Best wishes to Michael, you are an asset to our profession. Take the test after reading the article and earn 4 CEU's for yourself, as Dr. Florman prepared this article to be a continuing education course that appeared as an insert in Dental Economics, August 2004. Visit CE websites at: http://www.ada.org/prof/ed/ce/cerp/providers_principal.asp and http://www.ada.org/prof/ed/ce/cerp/sponsorlista.pdf2. Dental Economics, one of our industry leader magazines, just published an article in their August 2004 issue entitled "Help your patients eat less!" by Louis Malcmacher, a dentist, international lecturer, and author as well. DE gave us permission to link to the article. CONSEQUENCE: Dentists are now empowered to help the overweight and obese to modify their eating behavior, i.e., help them lose weight. [Read the article]
3. Class II malocclusion: mandibular retrusion or maxillary protrusion? The answer without a doubt - most often maxillary protrusion! See the study
a. The results of this study do not support Angle’s hypothesis that Class II, Division 1 malocclusions are characterized by an underdeveloped and/or posteriorly positioned mandible. The mandible and dentition of Class II, Division I malocclusions were found to be identical to those of the control subjects in size, form, and position for both genders at the ages of 10, 12, and 14 years, except for symphyseal height, which was larger in all 3 male samples.
b. The maxillary first permanent molar in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion is more mesially positioned.
c. The anterior segment of the maxilla is more protrusive and superiorly positioned in Class II, Division 1 malocclusions.
d. Vertical dysplasias are not typical findings in Class II, Division I malocclusions.
e. SNA, SNB. ANB, and NAB must be interpreted with extreme caution unless Nasion is situated within its "normal" locus for age and gender, both superiorly-inferiorly and anteriorly-posteriorly. These conclusions were drawn from a study of 300 controls and 300 Class II, div 1's. See: http://drted.com/index.html.bak2/Part I ajodo size form and position.htmTopic: Management / Self Improvement: How not to say YES when you really want to say NO!
I hope you enjoyed your summer and are feeling happy and well.
With no prepared topic, I cringed when Dr. Ted reminded me of the mailing deadline approaching. The feeling was followed by absolute relief when he added, "If you want to sit this one out I understand." With my wedding day just 25 days away, Dr. Ted knew the pressure I was under trying to make sure all the details were in check before my two week absence became a reality.
So, that brings me to my topic for this issue of "Over the Wires." It was enticing to be offered not to write my part of the column and I wanted to say "NO!" and simply have the newsletter go out bearing Dr. Ted's "stamp" alone, with my mark being only a wedding announcement. However, I just couldn't say NO! So, I thought I would do a bit of web research for myself and find out why I just couldn't say "NO." Why does this happen? How can one change it? Voila! My contribution to this issue of Over the Wires.
Why saying "NO" is so difficult:
We are conditioned to consider other people. Even as children we were instructed to never say no to our parents/elders. "No" can subconsciously fill us with guilt, dread and foreboding. It is a natural human disposition to please others rather than disappoint them. Remember, the feelings that saying "No" evoke within you are not necessarily still relevant to you - a professional adult. NO is sometimes an appropriate response to a request from your colleague, your patient, a member of your family or a neighbor.
First remind yourself every now and then that:
1. You have the right to say no, without feeling guilty.
2. It is OK for other people to say no to you.
3. Saying yes when you mean no may reduce your feelings of self-worth.
4. It's better to say no at the start rather than let somebody down later.
5. Saying yes to extra work or obligations causes you stress. Taking on too much might lower your standard of work or mean that the important people in your life don't get their due attention.
6. It might not be such as big a deal for the other person to get a "no" response.
7. Being respected and respecting yourself is more important than being liked. It is a matter of "integrity."
Suggestions to make saying NO easier:
Try saying no in a casual or impersonal situation where you might usually just drift to yes. If your immediate response is "no" hang on to this before being nice takes over: remember what the cost of saying yes might be. Be firm but polite. Give a reason (not an excuse) for your "no" response. It can be insulting to the individual you have said no to if they discover you were not truthful in the reason for your response to their request. If you need time to think, say "I'll get back to you later," and make sure that you do. Ask for more information. How long will it take? Is there anyone else who could do this for you? Use body language and voice to show that by saying no you are not being hostile, and to demonstrate that you mean what you say and are not going to be manipulated. Stay calm and relaxed - drop your shoulders and breath deeply so that your voice and pace remains assertive, but not aggressive or passive.
Think it through - by listening to the other person you might actually realize that you want to say yes after all. Don't be manipulated, but it is perfectly all right to change your mind if you are doing so out of choice.**How to Say No Without Feeling Guilty : And Say Yes to More Time, and What Matters Most to You by PATTI BREITMAN, CONNIE HATCH
**Saying No: A User's Manual by Karen V. Bading
Over the Wires is sanctioned by the American Association of OrthodontistsFall '04, # 14
Topic: Clinical: The dental profession's role in the control of compulsive overeating: OJW (Orthodontic Jaw Wiring)...a service orthodontists are preeminently suited and can be proud to provide to selected candidates.
Chronic obesity is epidemic in the United States causing the afflicted a myriad of ill-health sequelae and a decreased life expectancy of almost five years. Some obese are compulsive over-eaters and require/demand more aggressive approaches to regain control of themselves and modify their eating behavior. For them surgery is anathema, and the more common overweight control methods have proven insufficient. OJW is an approach refined by me during the past seven years of having provided this service to grateful patients who traveled great distances because they could not find providers closer to home.
The patients were chosen according to a strict criteria, and provided the service after their physicians indicated that there were no contraindications to their patients attempting to lose weight under a low-calorie liquid-diet regime. The Informed Consent I developed is the hallmark of the "OJW" approach. The dentist-provider makes no claim to "treat obesity."The work of the dentist/orthodontist-provider of OJW is simply to methodically place the OJW hardware then periodically reexamine the patient (ideally every five weeks, after the patient has released and exercised their jaws for five days) to safeguard that no harm has come to the patient's gums, teeth or jaw-joints during the time the patient's jaw-joints were subject to limited motion.
I have the honor to announce that I am presenting a table clinic at the Greater NY Dental Meeting on November 29, titled "The Dental Profession's Role in the Control of Compulsive Overeating: Orthodontic Jaw Wiring...A kinder gentler way (OJW)". On that occasion I will demonstrate the principles of how the OJW service is provided, and give a PowerPoint presentation which interested professionals may now see at: See the Power Point Presentation.**
Moreover, I take pleasure in noting that my work on OJW was selected to be presented as a table clinic at the International meeting of the American Association of Orthodontists (May 21-May 24), in San Francisco. There I will demonstrate the transition from active braces to retention-OJW on an overweight orthodontic patient who elected to receive OJW for weight control. A three panel poster-board will be used as part of the presentation, supplemented by the PowerPoint presentation.
Dr. Rothstein takes pleasure in announcing the formation of the DPOJW*, an organization of dentists who are committed to providing orthodontic jaw wiring to those who are overweight or obese, and who meet the criteria for being accepted as a patient for this type of control of compulsive overeating. An online course is being offered free to the first 25 dentists who provide their name, address, telephone and email address.
*Dentist Providers of Orthodontic Jaw Wiring
See the outline of the online course to be given to would-be members of the DPOJW.
Part I of a four-part free online course will be published at www.drted.com January 30, 2005. Register at:
http://www.drted.com/OJW dpojw register form.html
See you in San Francisco
**Email drted35@aol.com if your unable to download the PP presentation and I will sent it to you as an attachment.
Topic: A potpourri of reflections for the starting orthodontist...a series in four parts: Part III/IV
Part I: W '04, # 9 3/5/04 Part II: Sp '04, # 10 4/27/04
Key: Se: Self... St: Staff...GO: General Office... Ex: Exam... Rec: Records... Dx: Diagnosis...Tx: Treatment... Re: Retention... PP: Practice Promotion... PM: Practice management.
BLUE = ALWAYS...RED = NEVERPP: Offices can develop unpleasant odors and patients will never let you know unless you query them. Alternatively you can install a device which sprays a refreshing fragrance into the air. Reception area and operatories are excellent locations.
PP: Fragrant breath is another kindness you can offer your patients. Face masks help with that problem.
PM: Carefully monitor what you say and how you say it: Patient's are very observant and exceedingly tuned in to what you say and maybe more important how you say it. Patient's can become very upset by words or sounds you make when you are working them which to you maybe quite innocent. However, the patient may attach far more significant meaning to them then you ever intended.
PM: Save the lab appliances you prescribed for your patients to demonstrate them to other would-be patients. In fact over the years you will need to tell patients about what you are going to do for them so gradually create a collection of graphics and 3-D models to show patients what you are going to provide them.
PM: have your office brightly lit and decorated with flowers and pictures. Putty-colored walls and floors can be so boring.
PM: Never begin a case without having a signed Informed Consent.
PM: Never assume it is ok to first name a patient until you have asked them if it ok.
T: Let the patients know at the very start the possibility of some of the typical compromises likely to occur by the end of treatment, e.g., residual spaces that may need bonding. Moreover, make them aware of treatment objectives that may not have been completely accomplished when you are about to remove the appliances. Better you told them than their general dentist did.
T: When you are removing brackets from 78910 or 26252423 pay attention to whether or not these teeth have been bonded lest you inadvertently cause the bonding to detach.
T: I used to use a removable appliances to correct relapse problems that occur in retention (e.g., patient loses retainer and returns after 2 months complaining about spaces and rotation). Today I rebond 6-11 or 5-12 to expedite the correction. Suggested fee $685-$1385.
T: Always use bondable tubes on the molars: They allow you to cant the mesial of the tube more gingivally to assist opening a deep bite or incisally to help close an open bite. Prewelded tube/band assemblies typically set the tube parallel to the occlusal of the molar which is ok only when you have no intention to correct vertical overbite discrepancies.
Dx: A Diagnostic set up is especially useful in in cases that are atypical (e.g.. removal of one lower anterior, or where you are uncertain of the overjet you expect to achieve for the patient in other atypical extraction cases.
Tx: Be conservative in removing wisdom teeth. See article As I have gotten older (wiser?) I have tended to request fewer and fewer removals of wisdom teeth. Look at the child and look at the parents lower anterior teeth versus body size and jaw width. Consider removing in Dolichocephalic faces and not in brachycephalic faces.
S: Keep eye contact with your patients when talking with them. When you are working on them remove your mask for any communications that require more lengthy or detailed messages since the facemask muffles your voice. You need to make sure the patient hears what you are saying.
PM: Have a telephone that patients can use readily and a sign indicating that they may use the phone "if need be." It shows you are attentive to their needs. We see no indications of abusive phone usage.
PM: Encourage your receptionist who is behind the window/desk to step outside the "box" especially with a new patient who is filling out forms and may need help. How do you feel when the restaurant owner comes over to your table to inquire if you are pleased?
T: Place retainers the same day or the following day after debonding. I use thermoplastic retainers (Trutain) most to the time with exceptions made for cases when that patient is shedding the deciduous dentition.
T: You have completed your work competently only after you have equilibrated the patient's teeth in Centric occlusion, Protrusive and right and left Working and Balancing excursions. I do that work just before debonding it takes me about 15 minutes to do it well. Particular attention should be paid to any remaining lingual plunger cusps usually on 2 or 15 and any teeth that move when the patients hold their teeth in occlusion and bruxes to right and left. Anterior equilibration aims at reducing any excessive occlusion between the lower canines and the upper laterals.Topic: Table clinic on Orthodontic Jaw Wiring for compulsive overeating at the 105th AAO meeting in San Francisco.
Dr. Rothstein will present a table clinic Sunday, May 22nd, 12:00- 4:30 p.m. on transitioning your overweight patient from active treatment to retention using Orthodontic Jaw Wiring (OJW). Stop by and say hello and pick up a free CD on the Principles and Practice of OJW. Read the controversial article that appeared in Orthodontic Products Magazine February, 2005 wherein our own Dr. Moscowitz comes out fighting "teeth bared with no holds barred." Sunday, May 22nd, 12:00- 4:30 p.m. Finally, even better join the DPOJW (Dentist Providers of Orthodontic Jaw Wiring)
Topic: Technology: Spyware / Adware What is it? How do you protect yourself from it?
I’m certain you’ve heard the term “Spyware” but do you know what it means? Our office has learned first hand what Spyware can do to your computer. We have now had two machines that needed to have their hard drive totally erased and reloaded with software because Spyware disabled them. Understand that Spyware is loaded on to your machine just by browsing sites-YOU DO NOT HAVE TO DOWNLOAD ANY FILES OR ATTACHMENTS. That being said, the only way to empower yourself is to learn what spyware is and proceed with caution. You can start with the information and links below:
Definition of Spyware as it relates to YOU the user: Spyware are individual programs that embed themselves within your computer and monitor your internet browsing activities. They can spy on your confidential information (passwords, credit card info, etc).
Definitions of Spyware found on the on the Web: 1. A general term for a program that surreptitiously monitors your actions. While they are sometimes sinister, like a remote control program used by a hacker, software companies have been known to use spyware to gather data about customers. 2. Spyware is Internet jargon for Advertising Supported software (Adware). It is a way for shareware authors to make money from a product, other than by selling it to the users. There are several large media companies that offer them to place banner ads in their products in exchange for a portion of the revenue from banner sales. This way, you don't have to pay for the software and the developers are still getting paid. If you find the banners annoying, there is usually an option to remove them, by paying the regular licensing fee.
Why is it called "Spyware”? While this may be a great concept, the downside is that the advertising companies also install additional tracking software on your system, which is continuously "calling home", using your Internet connection and reports statistical data to the "mothership".
Is Spyware illegal? Even though the name may indicate so, Spyware is not an illegal type of software in any way.
Why is everyone talking about it? While legitimate adware companies will disclose the nature of data that is collected and transmitted in their privacy statement, there is almost no way for the user to actually control what data is being sent. These tools are perfectly legal in most places, but, just like an ordinary tape recorder, if they are abused, they can seriously violate your privacy.
For more information, or to download reliable anti spyware/adware programs:
The Trouble With Advertising-Supported Software
Adware, Badware & Spyware Profiles
Download adware protection: http://www.lavasoftusa.com/
Download spyware protection: http://www.download.com/3000-2144-10122137.html?part=104443&subj=dlpage&tag=button
Ted Rothstein DDS PhD Brooklyn Heights 718 852 1551Cc. PG Orthodontic students and faculty of NYU and St. Barnabas.
Ps. Recipients of Over the Wires are invited to respond with their own insights, responses and comments to: drted35@aol.com.
F
all '04, # 14Topic: Clinical: The dental profession's role in the control of compulsive overeating: OJW (Orthodontic Jaw Wiring)...a service orthodontists are preeminently suited and can be proud to provide to selected candidates.
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