Introduction to Visual-Dx Ceph Analysis

 The material that appears in the following pages is an outgrowth of my Ph.D. dissertation completed at the University of Pennsylvania in the Department of Physical Anthropology under the guidance of Professor Emeritus Dr. W.M. Krogman and Dr. Goeffrey Walker both highly distinguished researchers in the field of growth and development. Dr. Krogman kept immaculate records in his growth center in Philadelphia and made many contributions to the body of knowledge with regard to growth and development of the face and jaws. Dr. Walker was "imported" from Australia at the behest of Dr. Tom Graber. Dr. Walker developed the "mathematical" model of the head which permitted me to analyze the skulls of 613 children, half with Angle’s Class II, division 1 malocclusion (the most often treated bite problem in orthodontics, and the other half being children with "normal" Class I occlusion.

A study of this magnitude, was never done prior to this and has never been done since. I used samples that were statistically valid and discrete as to age (skeletal age as determined by hand-wrist X-rays by Dr. Krogman) and sex. My dissertation was recently "discovered" by a Dr. Robert Rosenblum at the Eastman Dental Center, in Rochester, NY and cited with praise in his award winning article that appeared in the Angle Orthodontist Vol. 65 No. 1 1995 entitled: Class II malocclusion: mandibular retrusion or maxillary protrusion. The dissertation can be obtained on loan from the Library of the American Association of Orthodontists or purchased for $40.00 on microfilm or in book form from University Microfilms in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The normals (controls) for the dissertation were traced and digitized by trained staff at the University of Pa.. The groups with Class II, division 1 were traced and digitized solely by the author.

The measurements taken and the results obtained are shown in the diagrams following. Such a study could never have been accomplished without the work of Dr. Walker’s mathematical model.

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